Western European Summer Time (WEST) is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in the following places:
Western European Summer Time is also known locally, in the countries concerned, as:
The scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01:00 UTC. During the winter, Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) is used.
The start and end dates of the scheme are somewhat asymmetrical in terms of daylight hours: the vernal time of year with a similar amount of daylight to late October is mid-February, well before the start of summer time. The asymmetry reflects temperature more than the length of daylight.
Ireland does not observe a summer time,[1] but rather observes Standard Time during the summer months and changes to UTC+0 for the purposes of Daylight Savings. However, as Ireland's winter time period begins on the last Sunday in October and finishes on the last Sunday in March, the result is the same.
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The following countries and territories use Western European Summer Time during the summer, between 1:00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October.
The Standard Time Act 1968 [5] stipulated that standard time is UTC+1 (CET) and from 1968 clocks were not turned back one hour during winter. The subsequent Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 [6] effectively reversed this, and from 1971 returned winter time to UTC+0 (Western European Time); it did not however change the names of the Irish summer time zone, which are still, officially, Irish Standard Time (IST) and Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann (ACÉ).
Portugal moved to Central European Time and Central European Summer Time in 1992, but reverted to Western European Time in 1996 after concluding that energy savings were small, it had a disturbing effect on children's sleeping habits as it would not get dark until 22:00 or 22:30 in summer evenings with repercussions on standards of learning and school performance, and insurance companies reported a rise in the number of accidents.[7]
Starting in 1916, the dates for the beginning and end of BST each year were mandated by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In February 2002, the Summer Time Order 2002[8] permanently changed the dates and times to match European rules for moving to and from daylight saving time.
Summer | Begins (GMT) | Ends (GMT) | UK Notes | Ireland Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
2012 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
2011 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 30 October 01:00 | ||
2010 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 31 October 01:00 | ||
2009 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
2008 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
2007 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
2006 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 29 October 01:00 | ||
2005 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 30 October 01:00 | ||
2004 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 31 October 01:00 | ||
2003 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
2002 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | UK adopts EU practice[8][9] | Ireland adopts EU Practice [9][10] |
2001 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
2000 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 29 October 01:00 | ||
1999 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 31 October 01:00 | ||
1998 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1997 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
1996 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
1995 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 22 October 01:00 | ||
1994 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 23 October 01:00 | ||
1993 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 24 October 01:00 | ||
1992 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1991 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
1990 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
1989 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 29 October 01:00 | ||
1988 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 23 October 01:00 | ||
1987 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1986 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
1985 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
1984 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
1983 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 23 October 01:00 | ||
1982 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 24 October 01:00 | ||
1981 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1980 | Sun 16 March 02:00 | Sun 26 October 02:00 | ||
1979 | Sun 18 March 02:00 | Sun 28 October 02:00 | ||
1978 | Sun 19 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1977 | Sun 20 March 02:00 | Sun 23 October 02:00 | ||
1976 | Sun 21 March 02:00 | Sun 24 October 02:00 | ||
1975 | Sun 16 March 02:00 | Sun 26 October 02:00 | ||
1974 | Sun 17 March 02:00 | Sun 27 October 02:00 | ||
1973 | Sun 18 March 02:00 | Sun 28 October 02:00 | ||
1972 | Sun 19 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1971 | Sun 31 October 02:00 | BST all year ends | IST all year ends | |
1970 | BST all year | IST all year | ||
1969 | BST all year | IST all year | ||
1968 | Sun 18 February 01:00 | BST all year begins | IST all year begins | |
1967 | Sun 19 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1966 | Sun 20 March 02:00 | Sun 23 October 02:00 | ||
1965 | Sun 21 March 02:00 | Sun 24 October 02:00 | ||
1964 | Sun 22 March 02:00 | Sun 25 October 02:00 | ||
1963 | Sun 31 March 02:00 | Sun 27 October 02:00 | ||
1962 | Sun 25 March 02:00 | Sun 28 October 02:00 | ||
1961 | Sun 26 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1960 | Sun 10 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1959 | Sun 12 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1958 | Sun 20 April 02:00 | Sun 5 October 02:00 | ||
1957 | Sun 14 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | ||
1956 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | ||
1955 | Sun 17 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1954 | Sun 11 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1953 | Sun 19 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1952 | Sun 20 April 02:00 | Sun 26 October 02:00 | ||
1951 | Sun 15 April 02:00 | Sun 21 October 02:00 | ||
1950 | Sun 16 April 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1949 | Sun 3 April 02:00 | Sun 30 October 02:00 | ||
1948 | Sun 14 March 02:00 | Sun 31 October 02:00 | ||
1947 | Sun 2 November 02:00 | Back to GMT | Back to GMT | |
1947 | Sun 13 April 02:00 | Sun 10 August 02:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1947 | Sun 16 March 02:00 | BST begins | IST begins | |
1946 | Sun 14 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | Back to GMT (Oct) | Back to GMT (Oct) |
1945 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | Back to GMT | IST | |
1945 | Mon 2 April 01:00 | Sun 15 July 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1944 | Sun 2 April 01:00 | Sun 17 September 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1943 | Sun 4 April 01:00 | Sun 15 August 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1942 | Sun 5 April 01:00 | Sun 9 August 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1941 | Sun 4 May 01:00 | Sun 10 August 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1940 | Sun 25 February 02:00 | BST 1940–1945 | IST 1940–1946 | |
1939 | Sun 16 April 02:00 | Sun 19 November 02:00 | ||
1938 | Sun 10 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1937 | Sun 18 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1936 | Sun 19 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1935 | Sun 14 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | ||
1934 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | ||
1933 | Sun 9 April 02:00 | Sun 8 October 02:00 | ||
1932 | Sun 17 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1930 | Sun 13 April 02:00 | Sun 5 October 02:00 | ||
1929 | Sun 21 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | ||
1928 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | ||
1927 | Sun 10 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1926 | Sun 18 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1925 | Sun 19 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1924 | Sun 13 April 02:00 | Sun 21 September 02:00 | ||
1923 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 16 September 02:00 | ||
1922 | Sun 26 March 02:00 | Sun 8 October 02:00 | ||
1921 | Sun 3 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1920 | Sun 28 March 02:00 | Sun 25 October 02:00 | ||
1919 | Sun 30 March 02:00 | Sun 29 September 02:00 | ||
1918 | Sun 24 March 02:00 | Sun 30 September 02:00 | ||
1917 | Sun 8 April 02:00 | Sun 17 September 02:00 | ||
1916 | Sun 21 May 02:00 | Sun 1 October 02:00 | Abolition of DMT |
Note: Until 1 October 1916 time in all of Ireland was based on Dublin Mean Time which was GMT − 25 minutes.